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| 1853 |
| | | Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il Trovatore is a success at its premiere in Rome | |
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| 1861 |
| | | Victor Emmanuel II is proclaimed king of a united Italy, with only Rome and Venetia remaining outside his realm | |
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| 1870 |
| | | As the result of a plebiscite, Rome and the remaining papal states are included in the kingdom of Italy | |
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| 1871 |
| | | Rome becomes the capital city of the entire Italian peninsula, for the first time since the Roman empire | |
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| 1900 |
| | | Giacomo Puccini's Tosca brings in the new century with a January premiere in Rome | |
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| 1907 |
| | | Maria Montessori establishes her first Casa dei Bambini in the deprived San Lorenzo district of Rome | |
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| 1916 |
| | | Ottorino Respighi completes his symphonic poem for orchestra Fountains of Rome, first performed in Rome the following year | |
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| 1922 |
| | | Mussolini gives orders for armed squads to congregate around Rome, in preparation for a march to seize power in the capital | |
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| 1922 |
| | | The Italian king Victor Emmanuel III, alarmed at the prospect of a Fascist march on Rome, asks Mussolini to form a government | |
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| 1922 |
| | | A triumphant Mussolini arrives in Rome on the overnight train from Milan to take up his appointment as prime minister | |
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